As population demographics adjust with a gradually aging population, certain chronic diseases have come to be a lot more common. There is a confluence of elements even though that will make the management of chronic disease assume a higher level of value. This is for the reason that not only are people today living longer but they are maintaining a level of activity far higher than their parents and grandparents. This is most evident in the management of osteoarthritis exactly where the incidence of joint replacement surgery is skyrocketing as Boomers demand a life style which their forebears could only dream about. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and affects far more than 20 million Americans. It is a condition that adversely impacts hyaline articular cartilage, the smooth tough gristle that caps the ends of lengthy bones.
Hyaline cartilage consists of two components: a matrix made up of a mixture of proteoglycans (complexes of proteins and sugars), and chondrocytes. Chondrocytes are cartilage cells that manufacture matrix under usual wholesome circumstances. They are responsible for nourishing the matrix as well.
With the development of OA, a distinct alter in the joint environment occurs. Chondrocytes start to elaborate destructive enzymes causing cracks and fissures in the cartilage. These are referred to as “fibrillations.” A complicated interplay of events involving cartilage, bone, and synovium- the lining of the joint- then begins to snowball.
One particular of the most popular joints affected by osteoarthritis is the knee. This is not a surprise due to the fact OA preferentially attacks weight-bearing joints.
Between symptomatic therapy and joint replacement surgery is a large gap in therapy measures. One particular area of current interest is the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the management of OA. MSCs are the body’s personal stem cells which are discovered in numerous places such as bone marrow and fat. MSCs have the capability to differentiate into connective tissue of which cartilage is a prime example. Other types of connective tissue that MSCs have been shown to develop into are tendon, ligament, muscle, nerve, and intervertebral disc. MSCs are active in the repair approach when any sort of connective tissue is injured.
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