Premature babies are exposed to many forms of stress while during their stay in intensive care nurseries, such as invasive procedures, blood drawing, bright lights and loud noises. Stress can interfere with their immune system’s functioning and render them more susceptible to infections. Several research studies have demonstrated the positive effects massage therapy has on premature babies. It lowers stress and enhances their immune system’s functioning.
Massage has been used in premature and low birth weight babies to promote growth and development. Before birth, babies are exposed to physical stimulation.
Premature and low birth weight babies are usually placed in incubators or open beds, are are connected to several monitors. This situation makes it very difficult to touch them as often as full term babies are.
Researchers at the University of Miami’s Touch Research Institute have reported for over two decades on the benefits of infant massage. It increase the baby’s resistance to infection by enhancing the immune system. Also, babies receiving massage experience faster weight gain.
Massage also raises oxytocin levels, a hormone that possess pain relieving abilities and a calming effect.
A review of 14 randomized research studies involving premature and or low birth weight babies was conducted.
The review included studies in which a group of babies did not receive massage and were used in comparison to those who did. In most of these studies babies were rubbed or stroked for about 15 minutes, three or four times a day, usually for five or ten days. The studies found that when compared to babies who were not touched, babies receiving massage, gained more weight each day (about 5 grams). They spent less time in hospital, had slightly better scores on developmental tests and had slightly fewer postnatal complications, although there were problems with how reliable these findings are. The studies did not show any negative effects of massage. Massage is time consuming for nurses to provide, but parents can perform massage without extensive training.
Benefits for Babies:
*Enhances weight gain
*Assists the baby with becoming more organized
* Allows the baby to be more alert, so he can interact with you and others
*Helps start oral feeding earlier (rather than tube feeding)
* Promotes healthier bones
* Supports parent-infant interaction
* Facilitates weight gain in preterm infants
* Lowers levels of cortisol, the stress hormone
* Increases muscle tone
*Improves sleep and awake patterns
*Earlier hospital discharge
*Improves motor and cognitive development at 8 months of age
*Infant massage is a cost effective tool
* Can be used as part of the developmental care plan of preterm infants
Benefits for Parents and Caregivers
* Provides the essential elements of intimate parent-infant bonding and attachment: eye to eye, touch smell movement, and temperature regulation
* Encourages pre-verbal communication between caregiver and infant
* Helps parents feel more confident and competent in caring for their children
* Helps to lower parental stress, if they are working and must be separated from their child for extended periods during the day
*Gives parents one-on-one quite time or interactive play with their child
* Creates a regular time of infancy between child and parent
* Enhances parents’ self esteem by reinforcing and complimenting their parenting skills, and validates their role
* Gives parents the tools for understanding their child’s unique behavior and patterns
* Teaches parents how to read their infants’ cues and recognize their states of awareness
* Gives parents a unique way to interact with their children who may be hospitalized. Helps parents feel a greater parent of the healing process
* Daily massage helps parents to unwind and relax
* Provides a positive way for fathers to interact with their infant children
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